HardSQL challenge #349WINDOW FUNCTIONLAGAGGREGATION

Fastest Growth in Orders Count

Find users with highest increase in number of orders month over month.

The challenge runs on the SQLabHub practice database (SQLite) and uses the orders table. You can solve it in the browser, with nothing to install.

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The task

Find users with highest increase in number of orders month over month.

A correct answer returns 198 rows with 3 columns: user_id, month, growth.

Tables used in this challenge

orders 200 rows

id INTEGER (PK) · user_id INTEGER · total REAL · discount REAL · item_count INTEGER · status TEXT · order_date TEXT · shipped_date TEXT · shipping_city TEXT · shipping_country TEXT

First 3 rows of the orders table
iduser_idtotaldiscountitem_countstatusorder_dateshipped_dateshipping_cityshipping_country
1432638.110.253cancelled2024-04-24NULLLos AngelesUSA
2829470.195delivered2024-03-152023-04-09ChicagoUSA
3136683.240.082delivered2023-02-152023-07-10Los AngelesUSA

The first rows of each table are shown. See how all the tables relate on the database schema page.

Expected output

Expected output of the challenge
user_idmonthgrowth
42024-040
42024-110
62023-010
72023-080
72023-120

First 5 of 198 rows. This is the output of the model solution on the practice database.

What you practise

  • Summarising many rows into one value with COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN or MAX
  • Grouping by more than one column to get a row per combination
  • Querying the result of another query with a subquery in FROM
  • Working with dates in SQLite: strftime, julianday and DATE
  • Reading the previous row's value with LAG()
  • Restarting a window calculation for each group with PARTITION BY
  • Sorting the result with ORDER BY
  • Deriving a new column from an expression and naming it with an alias

Hint and approach

Try the challenge first. Open these only when you need them.

Show the hint

COUNT + LAG

Show the step-by-step approach

How the model solution is built, in the order the database evaluates it:

  1. Build an inner query first (a derived table):
    1. Read from the orders table.
    2. Group the rows by user_id and month (the year-month of order_date), so the result has one row for each combination.
    3. For each group, compute COUNT(*).
  2. Fetch cnt from the previous row with LAG(), ordered by month, restarting for each user_id. Where there is no such row the value is NULL.
  3. Combine those values into growth: cnt - LAG(cnt) OVER (PARTITION BY user_id ORDER BY month).
  4. Sort the result by growth descending.

Model solution

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What to watch for

  • LAG(). LAG() returns NULL for the first row of each partition, and any arithmetic with that NULL is NULL too. Supply a default as the third argument if you need a number.
  • PARTITION BY. PARTITION BY is not GROUP BY: it keeps every row and only decides which rows a window function looks at.
  • Derived table. Columns computed in the inner query are only visible outside under their alias, so every calculated column there needs a name.
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